California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) Care Sheet

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Quick Facts

Scientific Name: Lampropeltis californiae
Common Names: California Kingsnake
Origin: Western United States and northern Mexico
Adult Size: 120–180 cm (4–6 ft) in length; females generally larger than males
Lifespan: 15–25 years in captivity
Sex Differences: Females are typically larger and heavier-bodied; males have longer, slimmer tails with visible hemipenal bulges
Beginner Suitability: Easy – hardy, generally docile, and tolerant of handling

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Enclosure

Size: Hatchlings can be housed in 45 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm (18 x 12 x 12 inches). Adults require at least 120 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm (4 ft x 1.5 ft x 1.5 ft). Longer enclosures are preferred over taller ones.

Substrate: Use aspen shavings, recycled paper, or reptile carpet. Avoid cedar or pine and loose substrates for juveniles to prevent accidental ingestion.

Hides: Provide at least two hides—one on the hot side and one on the cool side. Include climbing branches and secure spots for stress-free hiding.

Heating: Maintain a hot spot of 28–32°C and a cool side of 22–25°C. Night temperatures can drop to 20–22°C. Use under-tank heaters or heat mats regulated with a thermostat.

Lighting: UVB is optional but low-level UVB (2–5%) is beneficial. Maintain a 12-hour light / 12-hour dark cycle.

Humidity: Maintain 40–60% humidity. Provide a shallow water dish and mist lightly if needed. Ensure ventilation to prevent respiratory issues.

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Diet

Primary Diet Type: Carnivore

Food Items: Feed appropriately sized frozen-thawed rodents. Hatchlings take pinkies or fuzzies, juveniles take hoppers, and adults take adult mice or rats depending on size.

Feeding Frequency: Hatchlings every 4–5 days. Juveniles every 5–7 days. Adults every 7–10 days.

Feeding Troubleshooting: Use thawed, appropriately sized prey. California Kingsnakes may refuse food during shedding or stress. Avoid live prey unless necessary, and never feed wild-caught rodents.

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Water

Provide a shallow water dish with clean water at all times. Snakes may soak occasionally; this is normal behaviour.

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Behavior And Handling

California Kingsnakes are generally docile but can be defensive when young or stressed. Support the full body. Avoid handling shortly after feeding. They are solitary and should not be housed with other snakes except during controlled breeding.

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Enrichment

Include branches, rocks, and climbing structures. Substrate should allow burrowing or hiding. Occasional rearrangement of décor encourages exploration.

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Health

Signs of illness include lethargy, refusal to eat, abnormal stool, respiratory issues, or swelling. Provide proper temperature and humidity to prevent shedding and respiratory problems. Consult a reptile-specialist veterinarian if issues persist.

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Lifespan

Typically 15–25 years in captivity, with some individuals living longer under optimal conditions.

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Legality In The UK

California Kingsnakes are legal to keep in the UK. No licence is required for private ownership. Owners must comply with Welfare of Animals regulations.

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Difficulty Bars (Relative)