European Legless Lizard (Pseudopus apodus) Care Sheet

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Quick Facts

Scientific Name: Pseudopus apodus
Common Names: European Legless Lizard, Sheltopusik
Origin: Southern and Eastern Europe, parts of Western Asia
Adult Size: 120–150 cm (4–5 ft) total length; males typically larger and more robust than females
Lifespan: 15–20 years in captivity
Sex Differences: Males are larger and heavier-bodied with wider heads; females are smaller and slimmer
Beginner Suitability: Moderate – hardy but requires a large enclosure, heating, and proper diet

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Enclosure

Size: Adults require a minimum of 150 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm (5 ft x 2 ft x 2 ft). Juveniles can be housed in smaller enclosures (approx. 75–90 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm), but will need upgrading as they grow.

Substrate: Use a mix of sand and soil (50–50) or coconut fibre to allow burrowing. Avoid loose substrates for juveniles to prevent accidental ingestion. Bioactive setups can be used for adults.

Hides: Provide at least two hides—one on the hot side and one on the cool side. Include logs, cork bark, or artificial caves for naturalistic hiding.

Heating: Maintain a hot spot (basking area) of 32–36°C and a cool side of 24–27°C. Night temperatures can safely drop to 20–22°C. Use ceramic heat emitters or basking bulbs regulated with a thermostat.

Lighting: UVB is recommended for general health, using a 10% UVB bulb. Maintain a 12-hour light / 12-hour dark cycle.

Humidity: Maintain 40–60% humidity. Mist lightly if needed but ensure ventilation to prevent respiratory issues or mould.

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Diet

Primary Diet Type: Carnivore / Omnivore

Food Items: Feed gut-loaded insects such as crickets, locusts, and roaches. Adults may also be offered small rodents or pinkies occasionally. Supplement with small amounts of fruits such as berries or chopped fruit.

Feeding Frequency: Juveniles daily. Adults every 2–3 days.

Feeding Troubleshooting: Ensure insects and prey items are appropriately sized. Dust insects with calcium at every feeding and multivitamin once per week. Monitor for picky eaters; variety encourages feeding.

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Water

Provide a shallow water dish with fresh water at all times. Mist lightly if needed to aid hydration.

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Behavior And Handling

European Legless Lizards are generally calm but can be shy. Handle carefully, supporting the full body. Avoid sudden movements to reduce stress. They are solitary and should be housed individually.

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Enrichment

Provide branches, rocks, and logs for climbing and exploration. Include enough substrate for burrowing. Occasional rearrangement of décor encourages natural behaviour.

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Health

Signs of illness include lethargy, refusal to eat, abnormal stool, difficulty shedding, or swelling. Provide proper temperature, humidity, and diet. Consult a reptile-specialist veterinarian if issues persist.

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Lifespan

Typically 15–20 years in captivity with proper care, making them a long-term commitment.

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Legality In The UK

European Legless Lizards are legal to keep in the UK. No licence is required for private ownership. Owners must comply with Welfare of Animals regulations.

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Difficulty Bars (Relative)