Garter Snake (Thamnophis spp.) Care Sheet

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Quick Facts

Scientific Name: Thamnophis spp.
Common Names: Garter Snake
Origin: North and Central America
Adult Size: 60–120 cm (2–4 ft) in length; females generally larger than males
Lifespan: 8–12 years in captivity
Sex Differences: Females are larger and heavier-bodied; males have longer, slimmer tails with visible hemipenal bulges
Beginner Suitability: Easy – hardy, generally docile, and tolerant of handling

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Enclosure

Size: Hatchlings can be housed in 45 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm (18 x 12 x 12 inches). Adults require at least 90–120 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm (3–4 ft x 1.5 ft x 1.5 ft). Longer enclosures are preferred to allow for movement.

Substrate: Use aspen shavings, newspaper, or reptile carpet. Avoid cedar, pine, or substrates that may cause impaction.

Hides: Provide at least two hides—one on the hot side and one on the cool side. Include climbing branches or rocks for enrichment.

Heating: Maintain a hot spot of 28–32°C and a cool side of 22–25°C. Night temperatures can safely drop to 20–22°C. Use heat mats or ceramic heat emitters regulated with a thermostat.

Lighting: UVB is optional but low-level UVB (2–5%) can be provided. Maintain a 12-hour light / 12-hour dark cycle.

Humidity: Maintain 40–60% humidity. Provide a shallow water dish for soaking and drinking.

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Diet

Primary Diet Type: Carnivore

Food Items: Feed appropriately sized frozen-thawed rodents for adults and fish, amphibians, or small rodents for juveniles. Some species accept earthworms or insects.

Feeding Frequency: Hatchlings every 4–5 days. Juveniles every 5–7 days. Adults every 7–10 days.

Feeding Troubleshooting: Ensure prey items are appropriately sized. Garter snakes may refuse food during shedding or stress. Avoid live prey unless necessary.

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Water

Provide a shallow water dish with clean water at all times. Garter snakes may soak occasionally, which is normal behaviour.

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Behavior And Handling

Garter snakes are generally docile but can be quick and active. Support the full body when handling and avoid handling shortly after feeding. They are solitary and should only be housed together under careful monitoring.

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Enrichment

Include climbing branches, rocks, and hides. Substrate should allow burrowing. Rearranging décor occasionally encourages exploration and activity.

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Health

Signs of illness include lethargy, refusal to eat, abnormal stool, respiratory issues, or swelling. Provide proper temperature, humidity, and diet. Consult a reptile-specialist veterinarian if issues persist.

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Lifespan

Typically 8–12 years in captivity, with some individuals living longer under optimal care.

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Legality In The UK

Garter Snakes are legal to keep in the UK. No licence is required for private ownership. Owners must comply with Welfare of Animals regulations.

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Difficulty Bars (Relative)